Recombining Plasma in the Gamma-ray Emitting Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 391

A group of middle-aged mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnants (SNRs) interacting with molecular clouds (MC) has been discovered as strong GeV gamma-ray emitters by Large Area Telescope on board Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope (Fermi-LAT). The recent observations of the Suzaku X-ray satellite have revealed that some of these interacting gamma-ray emitting SNRs, such as IC443, W49B, W44, and G359.1-0.5, have overionized plasmas. 3C 391 (G31.9+0.0) is another Galactic MM SNR interacting with MC. It was observed in GeV gamma rays by Fermi-LAT as well as in the 0.3 $-$ 10.0 keV X-ray band by Suzaku. In this work, 3C 391 was detected in GeV gamma rays with a significance of $\sim$ 18 $\sigma$ and we showed that the GeV emission is point-like in nature. The GeV gamma-ray spectrum was shown to be best explained by the decay of neutral pions assuming that the protons follow a broken power-law distribution. We revealed radiative recombination structures of silicon and sulfur from 3C 391 using Suzaku data. In this paper we discuss the possible origin of this type of radiative plasma and hadronic gamma rays.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures; accepted by Ap

Inequalities in the public sphere: emergence of community television in India

The article of record may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2012.638803Economic restructuring in the 1980s opened the doors to the previously state- dominated television sector in developing countries. In India, unexpectedly, the resulting competitive setting produced multiple channels targeting various local ethnicities from below along with national-level expansion involving transna- tional corporations from above in a process now known as localization. While the plurality of channels translates into growth of the public sphere, this paper examines the reasons behind the uneven growth of community media, which cannot be explained by the community’s size or economic resources. Some community channels extend their reach into the national arena while others lag in media development implying unequal political participation in the communicative system. What are the institutional reasons behind such variations in a multiethnic setting? The paper also examines whether the development of ethnic media reflects the redistribution of power taking place in the political arena or is it an independent development with implications of its own

Sri Lanka and the Belt and Road Initiative: A Balancing Act in the Indian Ocean Region

Sri Lanka's salient position in Beijing's global ambitions is reflected in the availability of the Chinese resources for its economic and defence modernisation. The country's strategic proximity to China's commercial sea routes and its positive reception to the BRI provides Beijing with an opportunity to illustrate the promise of mutual benefits offered in its initiative. Meanwhile, Colombo's acceptance of China's investments relies on an economic strategy that seeks to modernist its infrastructure and naval operations that would secure the new economic growth sectors as a IOR state. As Beijing advances its geo-economic objectives across three continents, important questions emerge regarding the impact of the BRI on the existing political and economic arrangements. Sri Lanka offers an informative case study towards understanding the initiative’s implementation, the resulting escalation of rivalries in the IOR, and national responses in the new setting. The ripple effects of the BRI developments present new dilemmas and weighs heavily on state decisions for a country that finds itself in the center of great power rivalry

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Detection of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the optical light curve of the remarkable blazar AO 0235+164

We present a long term optical $R$ band light curve analysis of the gravitationally lensed blazar AO 0235+164 in the time span 1982 - 2019. Several methods of analysis lead to the result that there is a periodicity of ~8.13 years present in these data. In addition, each of these five major flares are apparently double-peaked, with the secondary peak following the primary one by ~2 years. Along with the well known system, OJ 287, our finding constitutes one of the most secure cases of long term quasi-periodic optical behaviour in a blazar ever found. A binary supermassive black hole system appears to provide a good explanation for these results.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in MNRA